Svante Arrhenius
Biologist
A Swedish scientist who was known for his work with electrolytes. He was the first scientist to attempt to account for changes in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and how it might alter the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.
He taught himself how to read at the age of three.
He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903, two years before becoming the Director of the Nobel Institute.
He married Sofia Rudbeck in 1894, though they eventually split up. He later remarried Maria Johansson in 1905.
He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903, eight years before Madame Curie did.